(1)With cold start, the generator set begins to overload without heating
When the diesel generator set is cold started, due to the high viscosity and poor fluidity of the oil, the oil supply of the oil pump is insufficient, and the friction surface of the machine is poorly lubricated due to lack of oil, resulting in rapid wear and even Failures such as pulling cylinders and burning tiles occur. Therefore, after the diesel engine is cooled and started, it should run at idle speed to heat up, and run with load when the standby oil temperature reaches above 40°C; the engine should start in a low gear and drive in each gear for a period of mileage in sequence until the oil temperature is normal and the fuel supply is sufficient. After that, you can switch to normal driving.
(2) When the diesel generator set is running when the oil is insufficient,
the oil supply to the surfaces of each friction pair will be insufficient due to the insufficient oil supply, resulting in abnormal wear or burns. For this reason, it is necessary to ensure sufficient oil before the machine starts and during the operation of the diesel engine to prevent the failure of cylinder pulling and tile burning due to lack of oil.
(3)Stop with load or stop after unloading load suddenly
After the diesel engine is turned off, the circulation of cooling system water stops, the heat dissipation capacity is sharply reduced, the heating parts lose cooling, and it is easy to cause the cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block and other parts to overheat. Cracks occur, or the piston is over-expanded and stuck in the cylinder liner. On the other hand, if the diesel engine is stopped without cooling at idle speed, the friction surface will not contain enough oil, and when the diesel engine is restarted, the wear will be aggravated due to poor lubrication. Therefore, the load should be unloaded before the diesel engine is turned off, and the speed should be gradually reduced and run without load for a few minutes.
(4) When the diesel engine starts cold, step on the Accelerator
If the accelerator is violently slammed, the speed of the diesel engine will increase sharply, which will cause some friction surfaces on the engine to be severely worn due to dry friction. In addition, the acceptance force of the piston, connecting rod and crankshaft changes greatly when the throttle is hit, causing severe impact and easy damage to the parts.
(5) Running the diesel engine with insufficient cooling water or excessive cooling water and oil temperature
Insufficient cooling water of diesel engine will reduce its cooling effect, and the diesel engine will overheat due to lack of effective cooling; the oil temperature of the cooling water and oil is too high, It will also cause the diesel engine to overheat. At this time, the cylinder head, cylinder liner, piston assembly and valve are mainly subject to a large thermal load, and their mechanical properties such as strength and toughness decline sharply, which increases the deformation of the parts, reduces the matching gap between the parts, and accelerates the wear of the parts. There will also be cracks and the failure of the parts being stuck. Excessive cooling water and oil temperature will accelerate the aging, deterioration and burning of the oil, and the viscosity of the oil will decrease, and the conditional lubrication conditions of the sleeve, piston and main friction pairs will deteriorate, resulting in abnormal wear. Overheating of the diesel engine will also deteriorate the combustion process of the diesel engine, causing the injector to malfunction, poor atomization, and increased carbon deposition.
(6) During the operation of the diesel engine when the cooling water and oil temperature are too low, the
In the working process of diesel engine, the temperature of cooling water is too low, and the temperature of cylinder wall decreases accordingly. The water vapor generated by combustion condenses into water droplets, which contact with the exhaust gas to generate acid substances, which attach to the cylinder wall and produce corrosion and wear.Practice has proved that when a diesel engine is often used at a cooling water temperature of 40°C to 50°C, the wear and tear of its parts is several times greater than that under normal operating temperature (85°C to 95°C). At this time, when the water temperature is too low, the temperature in the cylinder is low, and the ignition delay period of the diesel engine is prolonged. Once the fire is on, the pressure rises rapidly, and the diesel engine fuel is rough, which is easy to cause mechanical damage to the parts. The diesel engine has been running at a low temperature of the cooling water for a long time, the gap between the piston and the cylinder liner is large, the cylinder knocking phenomenon has occurred, and vibration has occurred, causing cavitation in the cylinder liner. The oil temperature is too low, the oil viscosity is large, the fluidity is poor, and the oil quantity in the lubricating part is insufficient, which makes the lubrication worse, causes the friction pair wear to increase, and shortens the service life of the diesel engine.
(7) Operating under low oil pressure
If the oil pressure is too low, the lubricant oil cannot be normal circulation and pressure lubrication, the lubrication parts is not enough oil As a result, the machine in the process of driving, pay attention to the observation of the oil pressure gauge and oil pressure indicator If discover the oil pressure is lower than the stipulated, should immediately stop, troubleshooting and then continue to run.
(8)The machine runs over speed and over load
If the diesel engine will run under the working condition of excessive load and high speed, it is easy to cause the thermal load and mechanical load of cylinder liner, piston, connecting rod and other parts to increase, and it is easy to pull cylinder, burning tile and other faults. Often overload operation, resulting in a long time of rough combustion in the cylinder, easy to damage the cylinder pad.
(9) Slam the accelerator before turn off the engine
If the diesel engine in high-speed operation stops running suddenly, its huge inertia is easy to cause crank connecting rod mechanism and valve mechanism and other parts to be damaged, shorten the service life of machinery. Slamming the throttle can cause too much fuel to enter the cylinder to fully burn, and the excess fuel can run down the cylinder walls, diluting the lubricating oil. In addition, a long time of bad use will also lead to the piston, valve and combustion chamber carbon accumulation significantly increased, resulting in nozzle blockage and plug stuck.
(10) The diesel engine suddenly adds cooling water when the temperature is too high
when the diesel engine is short of water and overheated, cracks will occur in the cylinder head, cylinder liner, cylinder block, etc. due to drastic changes in cold and heat. Therefore, when the temperature of the diesel engine is too high, the load should be removed first, the speed should be increased slightly, and the diesel engine should be turned off after the water temperature drops, and the water radiator cap should be loosened to remove water vapor. If necessary, slowly pour cooling water into the water radiator.
(11)Long-term idle operation of the machine
Diesel engine idle speed, low lubricating oil pressure, piston top oil injection cooling effect is poor, resulting in increased wear and tear of the machine, easy to lead to pull cylinder situation, but also cause poor atomization, combustion is not sufficient, serious machine carbon, and sometimes even lead to valve and piston ring seizure, cylinder liner cavity corrosion. For this reason, some of the diesel engine manuals specify that the diesel engine idling time shall not exceed 15 ~ 20min.